Pulmonary arterial hypertension (or PAH) is classified as a rare, progressive disorder marked by a buildup of hypertension (or high blood pressure) in the arteries of the pulmonary arteries (or blood vessels within the lungs). The onset of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects each person differently. Therefore, any treatment plan needs to be tailored according to the patient’s specific needs. You must consult with your doctor to get proper diagnosis and discuss the following treatment options: 1. Initial measures To start with, the doctor will treat the cause of PAH. For instance, if PAH is being caused by emphysema, then the doctor will treat it to alleviate pulmonary hypertension. Since this condition affects your breathing, many patients opt for treatment that improves breathing. This enables them to be more active and undertake daily chores easily. You can opt for oxygen therapy, wherein pure oxygen is inhaled to compensate for its low levels in your blood. If you are at risk of developing blood clots, blood thinners may be prescribed to improve the functioning of your heart and prevent fluid build-up in your body. 2. Intensive measures If you suffer from a severe case of PAH, medications in the form of calcium channel blockers may be prescribed.

While renal cancer is not too common in children, there are a few cases of this. Also known as pediatric kidney cancer, the most common form of this cancer is Wilms’ tumor. Renal cancer affects children below the age of five. Certain rare types of kidney cancers that affect children include clear cell sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, anaplastic sarcoma, and mesoblastic nephroma. As Wilms’ tumor is the most common form of renal cancer in children, let’s take a look at its causes, symptoms, and treatment methods: 1. Causes of renal cancer in children The causes of renal cancer in children is mostly due to stem from certain genetic syndromes that put the child at an increased risk. These syndromes include: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Children may have larger-than-normal organs and limbs. Hemihypertrophy One side of the body is larger than the other. Denys-Drash syndrome Males do not develop proper genitalia and kidneys. WAGR syndrome The child’s iris, brain, and genital tracts are affected in their appearance and function. They may also have learning disabilities. Some other causes of renal cancer include hereditary factors. Most children who develop Wilms’ tumor either have a parent or a close relative who has suffered from renal cancer before the age of 50.

Skin cancer develops when the body is unable to repair the damage caused to the DNA within the skin cells, thereby enabling the skin cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. The damage to the skin cell may be caused due to various factors such as skin type and genetics. However, in most cases, skin cancer occurs due to overexposure to the harmful ultraviolet (UV) light produced by the sun. There are different types of skin cancer. Each type depends on the cells that are damaged. 1. Types of skin cancer Listed below are the various types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma: Basal cell carcinoma is a highly common type of skin cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, it accounts for approximately more than 80 percent of 3 million-plus skin cancer cases that are diagnosed every year. It develops within the skin’s basal cell layers, which is the lowest portion of the epidermis. It occurs in the skin parts that have the highest exposure to the sun. These include the neck and head. Usually, basal cell carcinoma grows gradually, and it is unusual for it to metastasize or spread to distant body parts or adjacent lymph nodes. Squamous cell carcinoma:

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in the bloodstream of human bodies. While this cholesterol is good for building healthy cells, an excess of this can lead to a blockage in the blood vessels leading to an increased risk of heart disease. This excess cholesterol can also break and cause clots that can lead to a heart attack or a stroke. For some high cholesterol is inherited, but this is also something that is preventable if one follows a healthy, nutritious diet, and make other lifestyle choices that keep you active. Diet plays an essential role in treating and preventing certain illnesses, so it is important to understand what food you consume for your body and how it affects your biology so you can make informed choices for your health. 1. Vegetables When one thinks of snacks, vegetables is definitely not something that pops in the head. But with the right pairing and a little preparation, vegetables can make for incredibly healthy snacks for those battling a high-cholesterol problem. Vegetables and hummus make for a delicious pair. You can keep some carrots, cucumbers and bell peppers cut and ready in the fridge. To make hummus, all you need is chickpeas, some garlic, salt, and olive oil.

Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is a genetic health condition that affects a particular section of the nervous system, which controls voluntary muscle movement. Most of the nerve cells that control muscles are placed in the spinal cord, which accounts for the term “spinal” in this disease. The word “muscle” is used because the disease has a primary impact on muscles, which do not get any signal from the nerve cells. When muscles are inactive, they become smaller; “atrophy” is the medical term used for this condition. SMA is a common genetic condition that affects children and infants. It is very rarely found in adults. According to estimates, one out of every 6,000 to 10,000 babies across the globe is born with SMA. Now that you have got a basic understanding of what is SMA, explained herein are some of the important spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) types that you should have knowledge about. 1. Type 1 SMA Type 1 SMA is the most common and severe type. Also known as Werdnig-Hoffman Disease, this type of SMA is usually detected at birth or after the first few months, which could be any time before the baby is six months old. The symptoms of this SMA type include weak trunk movement and floppy limbs.

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the large intestine, which is also referred to as “colon.” Older adults are at a higher risk of contracting this type of cancer, but it can also affect people from other age groups. It starts when non-cancerous cell clumps known as polyps are formed inside the colon, and, over a period of time, these polyps become cancerous. Colon polyps may be accompanied by some symptoms, for which doctors advise undergoing regular screening tests to prevent them from turning cancerous. The tests help in detecting and removing polyps before they transform into cancer. Colon cancer is alternatively referred to as colorectal cancer, which is a term that combines both colon and rectal cancer. This article explains the stages of colon cancer in detail. Doctors determine the stage of colon cancer after an initial diagnosis, which may involve several tests. Every test will help the doctor to identify the extent to which your body is affected by cancer. Here are the different stages of colon cancer that you should know about to treat the disease effectively: 1. Stage 0 At this stage of colon cancer, abnormal cells are formed in the mucosa or wall of the colon.

The thyroid gland manages the body’s metabolism. It also releases hormones, which direct various functions in the body. This includes the ability to consume oxygen, produce heat, and use energy. Thyroid cancer occurs when cells mutate or change. The abnormal cells start to multiply in the thyroid and once there are many of these cells, a tumor is formed. This is known as thyroid cancer. 1. What are the rare types of thyroid cancer? A few rare types of thyroid cancer include: Thyroid sarcomas Sarcomas that occur in the thyroid gland are rare. These are aggressive tumors, which most probably develop from vascular or stromal tissue in the thyroid gland. Malignancies that appear as sarcomas must be distinguished from anaplastic carcinomas. Total thyroidectomy is the ideal treatment for thyroid sarcomas. Apart from this, the affected person can consider radiation therapy in an adjunctive setting. Primary thyroid lymphoma This type of thyroid cancer occurs in the lymphatic system where the organs and tissues store, produce, and carry white blood cells. Usually, lymphoma develops within lymph nodes. However, in rare instances, it occurs from lymphocytes that exist in the thyroid gland. This condition is known as primary thyroid lymphoma. It is likely to occur in people who have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon. It includes Stage 0, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV. With each stage, the severity of this disease increases. This article mentions a detailed guide comprising of the causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatments for colon cancer. 1. Causes A person suffers from colon cancer when healthy cells in the colon undergo mutations in their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A cell’s DNA has specific instructions that direct a cell as to what to do. Cells that are healthy divide and grow in an orderly manner to ensure that the human body functions normally. However, when a cell’s DNA is hampered and turns cancerous, the cells continue to divide even when new cells are not required. The cells form a tumor as they accumulate. As time passes, the cancer cells increase to attack and hamper functioning of the adjacent normal tissue. Due to this, cancerous cells can travel to other body parts to form deposits, which are known as metastasis. 2. Symptoms The symptoms of this disease include: Sudden weight loss Fatigue or weakness Blood or rectal bleeding in the stool Abdominal discomfort such as pain, gas, or cramps that is permanent A sensation that the bowel is not completely empty A permanent change in the bowel, which includes constipation or diarrhea 3.

Anemia is a condition that lowers the number of red blood cells in the blood. As a result, doctors describe a patient suffering from anemia as someone who has a low blood count. A person suffering from anemia is known to be anemic. 1. Types of anemia Listed below are a few types of anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia This type of anemia occurs when the red blood cells are attacked and hampered by the body’s immune system at a quicker rate than it can produce new ones. Consumption of medicines such as quinine, penicillin, and methyldopa can result in autoimmune anemia. Moreover, autoimmune diseases like lupus could also result in the occurrence of this condition.The symptoms associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia include jaundice, backaches, chills, breathing problems, an irregular heartbeat, pale skin, and fatigue. Treating the disease that led to the development of this anemia can curb the damage of red blood cells. In the case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, doctors treat patients with steroid drugs to calm the immune system, which can help to cure anemia. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) MDS are diseases that occur when the bone marrow is unable to make sufficient healthy cells; it is a form of cancer.

Bladder cancer starts when the healthy cells that are present in the bladder lining change and develop beyond control, thereby creating a mass known as a tumor. A tumor can be benign or cancerous. A benign tumor can develop but it will not spread. However, such tumors are quite rare. On the other hand, a cancerous tumor can spread and grow to other body parts. 1. Risk factors Some of the important risk factors associated with bladder cancer are: Family history and genetics People who have had family members suffering from bladder cancer are at a greater risk of developing this disease. Additionally, various genetic syndromes increase the probability of developing bladder cancer. These include Lynch syndrome, Cowden disease, and retinoblastoma gene. Infection with schistosomiasis Infection of a parasite called schistosomiasis can increase the probability of bladder cancer. This parasite is quite common in the Middle East, and Africa (particularly in Egypt). History of the disease If an individual has already suffered from bladder cancer in the past, he or she is likely to develop the disease again as compared to a person who has never been diagnosed with the illness. Gender Men are three times more prone to develop this condition as compared to women.